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Ulmus glabra
''Ulmus glabra'', the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Urals, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese in Greece; it is also found in Iran. A large, deciduous tree, it is essentially a montane species, growing at elevations below , preferring sites with moist soils and high humidity.〔Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). ''Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen'' (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819〕 The tree can form pure forests in Scandinavia and occurs as far north as latitude 67°N at Beiarn in Norway. Wych elm has also been successfully introduced to Narsarsuaq, near the southern tip of Greenland (61°N).
The tree was by far the most common elm in the north and west of the British Isles and is now acknowledged as the only indisputably British native elm species. Owing to its former abundance in Scotland, the tree is occasionally known as the Scotch or Scots elm.
Closely related species, such as Bergmann's elm ''U. bergmanniana'' and Manchurian elm ''U. laciniata'', native to northeast Asia, were once sometimes included in ''Ulmus glabra'';〔Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). ''(The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland )''. Vol. VII. 1848–1929. Republished 2014 Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781108069380〕 another close relative is the Himalayan or Kashmir elm ''U. wallichiana''.
==Etymology==
The word ''wych'' has its origins in Middle English ''wiche'', from the Old English ''wice'', meaning pliant or supple, and which also gives us ''wicker'' and ''weak''.
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